We thought we'd provide an always expanding glossary for terms that arborists often use! Even if you don't hire us, other tree services in Portland, arborists in Portland and elsewhere - will use these terms! Or, if we do an estimate with you and you'd like a refresher on things we talk about, here are some commonly used terms in arboriculture. We will update this page as we can, these are only the tip of the iceberg!
GLOSSARY OF TERMS:
BRANCH BARK RIDGE - The raised area of bark in the branch crotch that marks where the branch wood and trunk wood meet.
BRANCH COLLAR - Trunk tissue that forms around the base of a branch between the main stem and the branch.
Co-dominant stems - 2 or more main stems (or "leaders") that are about the same diameter and emerge from the same location on the main trunk. As the tree grows older, the stems remain similar in size without any single one becoming dominant.
Crown - the branches and leaves of the tree. It has the important job of making food for the tree. The leaves (the leaves of an evergreen are its needles) are tiny "factories" that make food using water absorbed by the roots and carbon taken from the carbon dioxide in the air.
Endweight Reduction - Small cuts toward the end of a limb that has become exposed outside the protection of the crown of a tree. Taking as little as 10% off a limb can increase its strength by 50%. This technique leaves the lower canopy intact and has little impact on the tree.
Failure - when a limb or a tree breaks, falls over, etc.
Inclusion - "ingrown" bark tissues often develop where two or more stems grow closely together causing weak, under-supported branch angles, a type of branch defect that develops when two or more stems (co-dominant stems) grow closely together in a V-shape. As both the stems increase in circumference, the bark that is between them will start to work as a wedge between the growing branches. This attachment will inevitably fail.
“Limbing Up” - slang, when the lower limbs of a crown have been removed, this leaves the tree hazardous because a) those limbs will never grow back, b) now the weight is entirely at the top of the tree, c) there is no protection from failures, and long way for failed limbs to fall. This is why endweight pruning is done now as opposed to removing the lower limbs entirely.
Reduce/Reduction - to remove a safe portion of a limb or stem of a tree, usually to take weight off and prevent failure.
Root flare - also called the trunk flare, is where the first main roots attach to the trunk. Removing excess soil to expose the root flare is important to a tree’s health and survival (they need circulation and airflow), as well as across the top of the entire root ball.
Topping - the practice of removing whole tops of trees or large branches and/or trunks from the tops of trees, leaving stubs or lateral branches that are too small to assume the role of a terminal leader. Other common names for the practice include hat-racking, heading, rounding over, and tipping. Topping can be very harmful to a tree when done improperly or without required skill/knowledge.
Union - The union where two branches (or a branch and the main tree trunk) come together ideally allows for the growth of specialized wood under the branch bark ridge. The branch bark ridge wood limits the movement of disease and water from one branch to the other, should one of the branches become diseased or wounded.
“Wood” - material over 6” (this is specific to Tree Dogs, other arborists may define wood as smaller or larger) diameter from large limbs/stems of a tree.
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